National Day
Historical Context
National Day falls on 21 July every year and commemorates the swearing-in of Leopold I as the first King of the Belgians in 1831. It is one of the 10 official public holidays.
The Belgian Revolution of August 1830 began as a popular uprising in Brussels, sparked by an opera performance at the Royal Théâtre de la Monnaie. The revolution was directed against the rule of the Kingdom of the Netherlands under William I. After months of fighting and diplomacy, Belgium was recognised as an independent state by the major European powers on 20 January 1831. On 21 July 1831, the German prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg took the constitutional oath on the Place Royale in Brussels, becoming the first King of the Belgians. That date was chosen as the National Day.
The military parade on the Rue de la Loi in Brussels is the centrepiece of the day. The royal family and the country's political leaders attend the parade, which showcases both the Belgian armed forces and the emergency services. After the parade, the Royal Palace traditionally opens its doors to the public. In municipalities across the country, festivities are organised: folk games, flea markets, concerts and fireworks displays. The evening fireworks over Brussels draw tens of thousands of spectators each year.
Regional Traditions
Brussels
The military parade on the Rue de la Loi is the highlight of the day. The royal family and government attend the parade. A Te Deum service follows at the Cathedral of Saints Michael and Gudula. The evening fireworks draw tens of thousands of spectators.
Royal Palace
From 21 July until early September, the Royal Palace opens its doors to the public. A free visit to the stunning salons and exhibitions attracts thousands of visitors each year. It is the only period the palace is accessible.
Wallonia
Cities like Liège, Mons and Charleroi hold Te Deum services in their main churches, followed by local festivities. Village fairs and folk dances sometimes last several days.
Flanders
Many Flemish municipalities organise their own festivities with folk games, flea markets and local concerts. Celebrations are generally more intimate than in Brussels, with village and neighbourhood parties.